Evolving Dynamics of Energy Cooperation and Economic Integration: India-Kazakhstan Relations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/Keywords:
India–Kazakhstan relations, energy cooperation, economic integration, Central Asia, connectivity, Eurasian Economic Union, foreign policyAbstract
The strategic relationship between India and Kazakhstan has evolved from a limited energy-based engagement into a broader framework of economic cooperation and regional connectivity. This paper examines the transition “from energy partnership to economic integration” by analysing the political, economic, and strategic dimensions shaping bilateral relations since Kazakhstan’s independence in 1991. Drawing on trade data, official policy documents, and regional cooperation initiatives, the study explores how energy security, transport corridors, and institutional mechanisms such as the India–Kazakhstan Inter-Governmental Commission have deepened mutual interdependence. The analysis situates this relationship within the context of India’s Central Asia policy, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and multilateral platforms like the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Findings reveal that while hydrocarbon trade remains the cornerstone of cooperation, diversification into sectors such as pharmaceuticals, IT, education, and defense signals a gradual movement toward sustainable economic integration. However, structural challenges—geopolitical constraints, limited connectivity, and overlapping external influences—continue to impede the full realization of this potential. The paper concludes that a multidimensional approach emphasizing connectivity, investment facilitation, and institutional synergy is essential to transform the India–Kazakhstan partnership into a comprehensive economic alliance.
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